Invia questo articolo per email Partiti e autodeterminazione in Südtirol/Alto Adige: competizione etnica e strategie dei partiti tra autonomia e secessione
Abstract
Dalla chiusura della vertenza sulla «questione sudtirolese» nel 1992, la politica etnica in Alto Adige/Südtirol ha subìto profondi cambiamenti. Il sistema consociativo, implementato per attenuare tendenze centrifughe, da allora ha iniziato a perdere il proprio equilibrio a causa delle pressioni secessioniste provenienti dall’arena intra-etnica tedesca. Adottando una prospettiva strategica verso l’autodeterminazione, il presente contributo analizza l’evoluzione delle strategie dei partiti etnoregionalisti sudtirolesi sulla dimensione territoriale ed europea della competizione elettorale. In linea con le nuove ricerche sulle strategie dei partiti viene dimostrato che i partiti etnici non solo possiedono le capacità strategiche di assumere posizioni riguardo a diverse dimensioni della competizione, ma anche di riformularle in chiave nuova. Mentre la saliente competizione etnica in Sudtirolo ha portato ad un nuovo frame territoriale, il consenso proeuropeo ha assunto le sembianze di un conflitto posizionale.
Since the settlement of the controversy on the «South Tyrol question» in 1992, ethnic politics in Alto Adige/Südtirol has deeply changed. Since then, the compromise system implemented to soften the centrifugal tendencies has begun to lose its balance, due to the pressures for secession coming from the German intra-ethnic arena. Adopting a strategic perspective towards self-determination, the present study analyzes the evolution of the strategies of South Tyrol ethno-regionalist parties with regard to the territorial and European dimension of the electoral competition. In line with the new researches on party strategies, it is shown that ethnic parties not only do possess the strategic ability to take up a position on various aspects of the competition, but they are also able to reformulate them in new terms. While the salient ethnic competition in South Tyrol has led to a new territorial frame, the pro-EU consensus has taken the form of a positional conflict.
Parole chiave
Full Text
PDFRiferimenti bibliografici
Alonso, S. (2012), Challenging the State: Devolution and the Battle for Partisan Credibility, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Alonso S. – Gómez B. – Cabeza L. (2013), «Measuring Centre–Periphery Preferences: The Regional Manifestos Project», Regional and Federal Studies, vol. 23, n. 2, pp. 189-211.
Alonso S. – Gómez B. – Cabeza L. (2015a), «Disentangling Peripheral Parties’ Issue Packages in Subnational Elections», Comparative European Politics, 13-IV.
Alonso S. – Cabeza L. – Gómez B. (2015b), «Parties’ Electoral Strategies in a Two-dimensional Political Space: Evidence from Spain and Great Britain», Party Politics, vol. 21, n. 6, pp. 851-865.
Alonso S. – Volkens, A. – Gómez, B. (2012), Análisis de Contenido de Textos Políticos. Un enfoque cuantitativo, Madrid, Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS).
Atz H. – Pallaver G. (2009), «Der lange Abschied von der Sammelpartei. Die Landtagswahlen 2008 in Südtirol», in Karlhofer, F. - Pallaver, G. (eds.), Politik in Tirol. Jahrbuch 2009, Studienverlag, Innsbruck, pp. 95-127.
Atz H. – Pallaver, G. (2014), «Die Normalisierung Südtirols. Die Landtagswahlen 2013: Ergebnisse, Trends und Perspektiven», in Pallaver G. (ed.) Politika14. Südtiroler Jahrbuch für Politik/Annuario di politica dell’Alto Adige/Anuar de politica de Südtirol, Edition Raetia/Nomos, Bozen, pp. 149-191.
Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige (2013), Elezioni provinciali 2013, .
Basile L. (2015), «A Dwarf among Giants? Party Competition between Ethno-regionalist and State-wide Parties on the Territorial Dimension: The Case of Italy (1963–2013)», Party Politics, vol. 21, n. 6, pp. 887-899.
Budge I. (2013), «The Standard Left-right Scale», University of Essex, .
Chaney P. (2014), «Instrumental Europeans? Minority Nationalist Parties’ Discourse on the European Union: The Case of UK Meso-Elections 1998–2011», Perspectives on European Politics and Society, vol. 15, n. 4, pp. 464-482.
Dandoy R. (2010), «Ethno-Regionalist Parties in Europe: A Typology», Perspectives on Federalism, vol. 2, n. 2, pp. 194-220.
Dandoy R. – Sandri G. (2008), «I programmi elettorali dei partiti regionalisti europei: un’analisi comparata», Quaderni dell’osservatorio elettorale, vol. 59, n. 1, pp. 63-94.
Dardanelli P. (2009), «Europeanization as Heresthetics: Party Competition over Self-Government for Scotland, 1974-97», Party Politics, vol. 15, n. 1, pp. 49-68.
De Winter L. – Gómez-Reino M. (2002), «European Integration and Ethnoregionalist Parties», Party Politics, vol. 8, n. 4, pp. 483-503.
De Winter L. – Gómez-Reino M. – Lynch P. (eds.) (2006), Autonomist parties in Europe: Identity Politics and the Revival of the Territorial cleavage, Institut Ciències Polítiques I Socials (ICPS), Barcelona.
De Winter L. – Türsan H. (eds.) (1998), Regionalist Parties in Western Europe, Routledge, London.
dF (2013), Costituzione dello Stato Libero del Sudtirolo, 2a ed.
Elias A. (2009) Minority Nationalist Parties and European Integration. A Comparative Study, Routledge, London.
Elias A. (2011), «Party Competition in Regional Elections. A Framework for Analysis», ICPS Working Papers, n. 295, .
Elias A. (2015) «Catalan Independence and the Challenge of Credibility: The Causes and Consequences of Catalan Nationalist Parties’ Strategic Behavior», Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, vol. 21, n. 1, pp. 83-103.
Elias A. – Szöcsik E. – Zuber C. I. (2015), «Position, Selective Emphasis and Framing: How Parties Deal with a Second Dimension in Competition», Party Politics, vol. 21, n. 6, pp. 839-850.
Elias A. – Tronconi F. (eds.) (2011), From Protest to Power. Autonomist Parties and the Challenges of Representation, Braumüller, Wien.
Engl A. – Zwilling C. (2013), «Herausforderungen für den Brennerraum: Der Europäische Verbund Territorialer Zusammenarbeit Europaregion Tirol-Südtirol-Trentino», in Karlhofer F. – Pallaver G. (eds.), Politik in Tirol. Jahrbuch 2013, Innsbruck – Wien – Bozen, Studienverlag, pp. 133-156.
Hepburn E. (2010), Using Europe. Territorial Party Strategies in a Multi-Level System, Manchester University Press, Manchester.
Hilpold P. (2009), « The Right of Self-Determination: Approaching an Elusive Concept through a Historic Iconography», Austrian Review of International and European Law, vol. 11, n. 1, pp. 23-48.
Hix S. – Lord C. (1997), Political Parties in the European Union, Macmillan, London.
Jolly S. (2007), «The Europhile Fringe? Regionalist Party Support for European Integration», European Union Politics, n. 8, pp. 109-130.
Jureit U. – Tieze N (2015), Postsouveräne Territorialität: Die Europäische Union und ihr Raum, Hamburger Edition, Hamburg.
Keating M. (2001), Plurinational Democracy: Stateless Nations in a Post-Sovereignty Era, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Keating M. (2008), «European Integration and the Nationalities Question», Revista Internacional de los Estudios Vascos, n. 3, pp. 7-28.
Keating M. (2012), «Rethinking Sovereignty. Independence-lite, Devolution-max and National Accommodation», Revista d'Estudis Autonòmics i Federals, n. 16, pp. 9-29.
Laible, J. (2008), Separatism and Sovereignty in the New Europe. Party Politics and the Meaning of Statehood in a Supranational Context, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
Lijphart A. (2004), «Constitutional Design for Divided Societies», Journal of Democracy, vol. 15, n. 2, pp. 96-109.
Lipset S. M. – Rokkan S. (1967), «Cleavages Structures, Party Systems, and Voter Alignments: An Introduction», in Lipset S. M. – Rokkan S. (eds.) Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-National Perspectives, Free Press, New York, pp. 1-63.
Mair P. (2007), «Political Parties and Party Systems», in Graziano P. – Vink M. P. (eds.), Europeanization: New Research Agendas, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, pp. 155-166.
Massetti E. (2009), «Explaining Regionalist Party Positioning in the Multi-dimensional Ideological Space: A Framework for Analysis», Regional and Federal Studies, vol. 19, n. 4-5, pp. 501-531.
Massetti E. (2009), Political Strategy and Ideological Adaptation in Regionalist Parties in Western Europe: A Comparative Study of the Northern League, Plaid Cymru, the South Tyrolese People’s Party and the Scottish National Party, Tesi di dottorato, University of Sussex.
Massetti E. – Toubeau S. (2013), «The Party Politics of Territorial Reforms in Europe», West European Politics, vol. 36, n. 2, pp. 297-316.
Meguid B. (2008), Party Competition Between Unequals, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Pallaver G. (2005), «Europaregion Tirol-Südtirol-Trentino», in Marko J. – Ortino S. – Palermo F. – Voltmer L. – Woelk J. (eds.), Die Verfassung der Südtiroler Autonomie. Die Sonderrechtsordnung der Autonomen Provinz Bozen/Südtirol, Nomos, Baden Baden, pp. 493-510.
Pallaver G. (2007), «I partiti politici in Alto-Adige dal 1945 al 2005», in Ferrandi G. – Pallaver G. (eds.), La Regione Trentino-Alto Adige/Sudtirol nel XX Secolo., I. Poltitica e Istituzioni, Museo Storico, Trento, pp. 559-598.
Pallaver G. (2008), «South Tyrol's Consociational Democracy: Between Political Claim and Social Reality», in Woelk J. – Palermo F. – Marko J. (eds.), Tolerance through Law. Self Governance and Group Rights in South Tyrol, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden – Boston, pp. 303-327.
Pallaver G. (2011), «The Südtiroler Volkspartei», in Elias A. – Tronconi F. (eds.) From Protest to Power. Autonomist Parties and the Challenges of Representation, Braumüller, Wien, pp. 171-194.
Pallaver G. – Scantamburlo M. (2015), «Kein Durchbruch anti-europäischer Positionen. Die EU-Parlamentswahl 2014 in Südtirol», in Engl A. – Alber E. – Pallaver G. (eds.), Politika15. Südtiroler Jahrbuch für Politik/Annuario di politica dell’Alto Adige/Anuar de politica de Südtirol, Bozen, Edition Raetia / Nomos, pp. 335-366.
Pelinka A. (2010), «Selbstbestimmung! Ja, aber…», in Pallaver G. (ed.) Politika10. Jahrbuch für Politik/Annuario di politica/Anuer de pulitica, Edition Raetia, Bozen, pp. 277-292.
Ray L. (1999), «Measuring Party Orientations towards European Integration: Results from an Expert Survey», European Journal of Political Research, vol. 36, n. 2, pp. 283-306.
Scantamburlo M. – Pallaver G. (2014), «The 2013 South Tyrolean Election: The End of SVP Hegemony», Regional and Federal Studies, vol. 24, n. 4, pp. 493-503.
Scantamburlo M. – Pallaver G. (2015a), «Between Secession and ‘Full Autonomy’: Party Competition over Self-Determination in South Tyrol» in Gillispie R. – Gray C. (eds.), EvoNat Research Brief No. 3,
.
Scantamburlo M. – Pallaver G. (2015b), «Europäisierungsprozess und Südtiroler Volkspartei. Die EU-Wahlen 1979-2014», in Karlhofer F. – Pallaver G. (eds.), Politik in Tirol. Jahrbuch 2015, Studienverlag, Innsbruck – Wien – Bozen, pp. 143-166.
SVP (1972), Grundsatzprogramm der Südtiroler Volkspartei.
SVP (1993), Das neue Programm der Südtiroler Volkspartei.
SVP (1998), Landtagswahl 1998. Analyse der Ausgangssituation, Konsequenzen für die Strategie, Festlegung der «Corporate Identity», die Eigentliche Wahlcampagne, Strategiepapier.
SVP (2011), «Auf dem Weg zur Vollautonomie» in Zukunft in Südtirol, n. 14, pp. 4-5.
Traweger C. & Pallaver G. (2014), Kommunikation, Kooperation, Integration in der Europaregion Tirol-Südtirol-Trentino. Die Meinung der Bevölkerung, Innsbruck, Studia.
Tronconi F. (2009), I partiti etnoregionalisti. La politica dell’identità territoriale in Europa occidentale, il Mulino, Bologna.
Werner A. – Lacewell O. – Volkens A. (2014), Manifesto coding instructions (5th fully revised edition), .
Woelk J. – Palermo F. – Marko J. (2008) (eds.), Tolerance through Law. Self Governance and Group Rights in South Tyrol, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden-Boston.
Zuber C. I. (2012), «Ethnic Party Competition beyond the Segmented Market», Nationalities Papers, vol. 40, n. 6, pp. 927-944.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15162/2282-5681/1502
Refback
- Non ci sono refbacks, per ora.
Copyright (c) 2022 Matthias Scantamburlo
Nazioni e Regioni
Studi e ricerche sulla comunità immaginata
ISSN: 2282-5681 Nazioni e regioni è rilasciata con licenza Creative Commons CC BY-NC