Invia questo articolo per email Il secessionismo come gioco della competizione partitica. Il radicalismo delle ideologie dei partiti etnoregionalisti in Europa occidentale
Secessionism as a Party Competition Game: The Radicalization of the Self-determination Demands of the Ethno-regionalist Parties in Western Europe
Abstract
In questo articolo intendiamo osservare cosa spieghi il livello di radicalismo dei partiti etnoregionalisti in Europa occidentale. Questo contributo empirico comparato allo studio degli etnoregionalismi è basato sui casi di 44 partiti di 9 paesi diversi e abbraccia 28 regioni diverse. Le ipotesi sono basate sulla teoria del costruttivismo naturalizzato, e contestano la teoria della condivisione del potere, la quale presuppone che i partiti etnoregionalisti siano attori politici a somma zero che tendono a radicalizzarsi quando sono scarsamente rappresentati nel ramo legislativo o esecutivo. Consideriamo invece le ideologie dei partiti etnoregionalisti come soggette alle strategie di competizione interna ed esterna fra i partiti, e dimostriamo come la moderazione nella politica territoriale sia una strategia fattibile.
In this article we want to see what accounts for the level of radicalism of the Ethno-regionalist parties in Western Europe.Thiscomparative empirical contribution to the study of ethno-regionalisms based on 44 party cases from 9countries, covering 28regions. The hypotheses are based on the theory of naturalized constructionism, contesting the power-sharing theory that assumes that Ethno-regionalist parties are zero-sum political actors, prone to radicalization when poorly represented in legislative or executive. We look at ERPs’ ideologies as subject to intra- and the inter-group party competition strategies, and we prove that moderation in territorial politics is viable.
Parole chiave
Full Text
PDFRiferimenti bibliografici
Bernauer J. – Bochsler D. (2011), «Electoral Entry and Success of Ethnic Minority Parties in Central and Eastern Europe: A Hierarchical Selection Model», Electoral Studies, vol. 30, pp. 738-55.
Birnir J. K. (2007), Ethnicity and Electoral Politics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Bochsler D. (2009), «Are Mixed Electoral Systems the Best Choice for Central and Eastern Europe or the Reason for Defective Party Systems?», Politics and Policy, vol. 37, n. 4, pp. 735-767.
Bochsler D. – Szöcsik E. (2013), «The Forbidden Fruit of Federalism: Evidence from Romania and Slovakia», West European Politics, vol. 36, n. 2, pp. 442-462.
Brancati D. (2006), «Decentralization: Fueling the Fire or Dampening the Flames of Ethnic Conflict and Secessionism?», International Organization, vol. 60, n. 3, pp. 651-668.
Brubaker R. (2004), Ethnicity without Groups, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
Chandra K. (2005), «Ethnic Parties and Democratic Stability», Perspectives on Politics, vol. 3, n. 2, pp. 235- 252.
Chandra K. (ed.) (2012), Constructivist Theories of Ethnic Politics. Oxford University Press, Oxford-New York.
Cohen F. S. (1997), «Proportional versus Majoritarian Ethnic Conflict Management in Democracies», Comparative Political Studies, vol. 30, n. 5, pp. 607-630.
Dandoy R. (2010), «Ethno-regionalist Parties in Europe: a Typology», Perspectives on Federalism, vol. 2, n. 2, pp. 194-220.
De Winter L. (ed.) (1994), Non-state Wide Parties in Europe. ICPS, Barcelona.
De Winter L. – Türsan H. (ed.) (1998), Regional Parties in Western Europe, Routledge, London-New York.
De Winter L. – Gómez-Reino Cachafeiro M. – Lynch, P. (eds.) (2006), Autonomist Parties in Europe: Identity Politics and the Revival of the Territorial Cleavage. Institut de Ciències Polítiques i Socials, Barcelona.
Demaris A. (1992) Logit Modeling: Practical Applications, SAGE, Newbury Park.
Elias A. – Tronconi F. (2011), «From Protest to Power: Autonomist Parties in Government», Party Politics, vol. 17, n. 4, pp. 505-524.
Gadjanova E. (2015), «Measuring Parties’ Ethnic Appeals in Democracies», Party Politics, vol. 21, n. 2, pp. 1-19.
Hechter M. (2000), Containing Nationalism, Oxford University Press, Oxford-New York.
Hepburn E. (2010), Using Europe: Territorial Party Strategies in a Multi-level System, Manchester University Press, Manchester-New York.
Hooghe L. – Marks G. – Schakel A. H. (2010), The Rise of Regional Authority: A Comparative Study of 42 Democracies, Routledge, London-New York.
Horowitz D. L. (1991), A Democratic South Africa? Constitutional Engineering in a Divided Society, University of California Press, Berkeley.
Horowitz D. L. (2000), Ethnic Groups in Conflict, University of California, Berkeley CA.
Jenne E. K. (2007), Ethnic Bargaining: The Paradox of Minority Empowerment, Cornell University Press, Ithaca NY-London.
Kaufman C. (1996), «Possible and Impossible Solutions to Ethnic Civil Wars», International Security, vol. 20, n. 4, pp. 133-175.
Keating M. (2001), Stateless Nations in a Post-Sovereignty Era, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Keating M. (2011), «Preface», in Elias A. – Tronconi F. (eds.), From Protest to Power: Autonomist Parties and Challenges of Representation, Wilhelm Braumüller, Wien.
Kohler U. – Kreuter F. (2012), Data Analysis Using Stata, Stata Press, Texas.
Kymlicka W. (1998), «Is Federalism a Viable Alternative to Secessionism?», in Lehning P. B. (ed.), Theories of Secessionism, Routledge, New York.
Liao T. F. (1994), Interpreting Probability Models: Logit, Probit, and Other Generalized Linear Models, SAGE University Paper, Thousand Oaks.
Lijphart A. (1977), Democracies in Plural Societies. A Comparative Exploration, Yale University Press, New Haven CT.
Lijphart A. (1984), Democracies: Patterns of Majoritarian and Consensus Government in Twenty-One Countries, Yale University Press, New Haven CT.
Lijphart A. (1994), Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies, 1945-1990, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Lipset S. M. (1991), «The Centrality of Political Culture», Journal of Democracy, vol. 1, n. 4, pp. 80-83.
Lipset S.M. – Rokkan S. (eds.) (1967), Party Systems and Voter Alignments. Cross National Perspectives, Free Press, New York.
Massetti E. – Schakel A. H. (2013a), «Ideology Matters: Why Decentralization Has a Differentiate Effect on Regionalist Parties’ fortunes in Western Democracies», European Journal of Political Research, vol. 52, n. 6, pp. 797-821.
Massetti E. – Schakel A.H. (2013b), «Between Autonomy and Secession. Decentralization and Regionalist Party Ideological Radicalism», Party Politics, vol. 22, n. 1, pp. 59-79.
Meguid B. (2008), Party Competition between Unequals: Strategies and Electoral Fortunes in Western Europe, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Mitchell P. – Geoffrey E. – O’Leary B. (2009), «Extremist Outbidding in Ethnic Party Systems is Not Inevitable: Tribune Parties in Northern Ireland», Political Studies, vol. 57, n. 2, pp. 397-421.
Montabes P. – Ortega J. – Villodres C. – Perez N. – Enrique G. (2004), «Sistemi elettorali e voto ai partiti regionalisti in Europa occidentale», Quaderni dell’Osservatorio Elettorale, vol. 51, n. 2, pp. 53-79.
Müller-Rommel F. (1994), «Ethno-Regionalist Parties in Western Europe: Empirical Evidence and Theoretical Considerations», in De Winter L. (ed.), Non-state Wide Parties in Europe, ICPS, Barcelona.
Narang A. S. (1995), Ethnic Identities and Federalism, Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla.
Newman S. (1996), Ethnoregional Conflict in Democracy: Mostly Ballots, Rarely Bullets, Greenwood Press, Westport CT.
Norris P. (2008), Driving Democracy: Do Power Sharing Institutions Work?, CUP, New York.
Rabushka A. – Shepsle K.A. (1972), Politics in Plural Societies: A Theory of Democratic Instability, Pearson, London.
Rokkan S. – Urwin D. W. (1983), Economy, Territory, Identity: Politics of West European Peripheries, SAGE, London.
Rovny J. (2015), «Riker and Rokkan: Remarks on the Strategy and Structure of Party Competition», Party Politics, vol. 21, n. 6, pp. 912-918.
Saideman S. M. – Lanoue D. J. – Campenni M. – Stanton S. (2002), «Democratization, Political Institutions, and Ethnic Conflict: A Pooled Time-Series Analysis, 1985-1998», Comparative Political Studies, vol. 35, n. 1, pp. 103-129.
Siaroff A. (2000), Comparative European Party Systems: An Analysis of Parliamentary Elections since 1945, Gerland Publishing, New York-London.
Sorens J. (2012), Secessionism: Identity, Interest, and Strategy, McGill-Queen’s University Press, Montréal.
Szöcsik E. – Zuber C. I. (2012), «EPAC − A New Dataset on Ethnonationalism in Party Competition in 22 European Democracies», Party Politics, vol. 21, n. 1, pp. 153-160.
The World Bank Group Data (1994), IBDR-IDA, .
Tronconi F. (2009), I partiti etnoregionalisti: La politica dell’identità territoriale in Europa occidentale, Il Mulino, Bologna.
Volkens A. – Lacewell O. – Regel S. – Schultze H. – Werner A. (2010), The Manifesto Data Collection. Manifesto Project (MRG/CMP/MARPOR), (ultimo accesso il 6-V-2011).
Zuber C. I. (2012), «Ethnic Party Competition beyond the Segmented Market. Nationalities Papers», The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity, vol. 40, n. 6, pp. 927-944.
Zuber C.I. – Szöcsik E. (2015), «Ethnic Outbidding and Nested Competition: Explaining the Extremism of Ethnonational Minority Parties in Europe», European Journal of Political Research, vol. 54, n. 4, pp. 784-801.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15162/2282-5681/1433
Refback
- Non ci sono refbacks, per ora.
Copyright (c) 2022 Josipa Rizankoska
Nazioni e Regioni
Studi e ricerche sulla comunità immaginata
ISSN: 2282-5681 Nazioni e regioni è rilasciata con licenza Creative Commons CC BY-NC