Environmental Education and Climate Change: Theoretical Approaches, the Albanian Context, and the Role of Youth in Building Pro-Environmental Behaviours

Abstract

Climate change is one of the most significant challenges of the twenty-first century, influencing environmental sustainability, socio-economic development, and the psychological well-being of younger generations. This article examines the sociological, psychological, and educational factors shaping environmental attitudes and behaviours among Albanian adolescents, combining theoretical analysis with qualitative research conducted in Shkodër. Drawing on international literature and theories such as the Theory of Planned Behaviour, Value-Belief-Norm Theory, Social Practice Theory, and Social Identity Theory, the study explores the influence of family, school, social interactions, and digital media on environmental identity. Findings indicate that many adolescents experience climate anxiety, uncertainty about the future, and limited trust in environmental institutions. The article advocates an integrated, interdisciplinary approach to climate education that encourages youth participation, sustainability practices, and emotional support.