Il reddito di base universale come strumento di welfare anti-oppressivo: un’analisi filosofico-politica

Vito Gesualdo

Abstract


Il saggio si propone di analizzare il ‘reddito di base universale’ quale potenziale strumento di welfare anti-oppressivo, esaminandone l’efficacia nel contrastare i meccanismi di controllo e le dinamiche vessatorie insite nei tradizionali modelli di welfare. Attraverso una rilettura critica delle prospettive filosofico-politiche di Philippe Van Parijs, Michel Foucault, Philip Pettit e André Gorz, lo studio mira a comprendere se tale misura possa intervenire efficacemente sulle oppressioni strutturali delle società contemporanee – che spesso si riproducono nei sistemi di protezione sociale – o se i suoi limiti intrinseci ne compromettano la portata emancipativa, rischiando di perpetuare quelle stesse disparità e forme di oppressione che intende superare. L’analisi pone in evidenza come il reddito di base, per realizzare pienamente il suo potenziale trasformativo, debba essere inserito in un disegno di policy più ampio, che includa iniziative di welfare ‘dal basso’ e investimenti nei servizi essenziali.

 

The paper aims to analyze the ‘universal basic income’ as a potential anti-oppressive welfare tool, assessing its effectiveness in countering the mechanisms of control and the coercive dynamics inherent in traditional welfare models. Through a critical re-examination of the philosophicalpolitical perspectives of Philippe Van Parijs, Michel Foucault, Philip Pettit, and André Gorz, the study seeks to determine whether this measure can effectively address the structural oppressions of contemporary societies – which are often reproduced within social protection systems – or whether its intrinsic limitations undermine its emancipatory potential, risking the perpetuation of the very disparities and forms of oppression it aims to overcome. The analysis highlights that for basic income to fully realize its transformative potential, it must be embedded within a broader policy framework that includes bottom-up welfare initiatives and investments in essential services.


Parole chiave


Reddito di base universale; Stato sociale; approccio anti-oppressivo; disuguaglianze; filosofia politica; universal basic income; Welfare State; anti-oppressive approach; inequalities; political philosophy

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15162/2240-760X/2170

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